How to Get the NIE Number in Spain?: Complete Guide

Are you an investor considering moving to Spain in order to set up your business in Spain and acquire residency there. If yes, then one of the most important thing you must do is get your NIE number in Spain. This seemingly simple acronym, NIE (Número de Identidad de Extranjero), unlocks a world of possibilities for foreigners in Spain. 

This article will be your one-stop guide to understanding the NIE, its significance, and how to navigate the process of acquiring it. Whether you’re a potential resident, business owner, property investor, or simply someone with financial ties to Spain, this comprehensive guide will equip you with the knowledge to confidently secure your NIE number.

What is a NIE Number in Spain?

Número de Identificación de Extranjero, or NIE number, is a unique identification number given to foreigners in Spain. In simpler terms, it’s a unique tax identification number assigned to foreign citizens who engage in any economic, professional, or social activities in Spain.

An NIE number in Spain is crucial because of the following reasons:

• Legal Requirement: Non-Spanish nationals who intend to reside, work, or transact business in Spain must comply with this requirement.
• Financial Transactions: To open a bank account, purchase real estate, or sign contracts in Spain, you must have an NIE number.
• Tax Obligations: It’s necessary in order to pay social security taxes.
• Applications for Residency: When submitting an application for residency, the NIE number is also necessary. If you an entrepreneur who is looking to start a business in Spain and acquire residency there, then your can apply for the Spain Business Entrepreneur visa with the help of our business formation experts.  
• Employment and Business: In order to lawfully do business or labour in Spain, non-residents must obtain an NIE number.
• Long-term Stays: It’s essential for anyone arranging a protracted visit to the nation.

Understanding the Various Kinds of NIE Numbers in Spain

• Resident NIE: Issued to foreign nationals desiring a prolonged stay in Spain. Residency requires it and is related to resident tax obligations. 
• Non-Resident NIE: Individuals who do not intend to reside in Spain but require a Non-Resident NIE to carry out legal or financial operations, including buying a bank account or buying real estate, are eligible.
• Temporary Non-Immigration Extension Certificate: Granted for brief periods of time, such as handling particular court cases or contract labour. Based on the length of the activity, this kind can have an expiration date.
• Permanent NIE: Long-term residents and individuals with temporary employment contracts are eligible for permanent NIEs. It is connected to your permanent residency status and has no expiration date.
• Business NIE: Needed for foreign enterprises or entrepreneurs to register a company, do business, or operate lawfully in Spain.

How do you submit an application for an NIE number in Spain?

Acquiring a NIE number in Spain might seem daunting at first, but with the right preparation and knowledge, it can be a smooth process.

Here’s a general roadmap to guide you:

1. Determine Eligibility

Not everyone needs to apply for a NIE. If you’re an EU citizen simply visiting Spain, you likely won’t require one. However, if you plan to reside, work, own property, or engage in any financial activities in Spain, a NIE becomes necessary.

2. Choose the Application Location

You can apply for your NIE either within Spain or at the Spanish Consulate in your home country. Consider factors like convenience, processing times, and any specific requirements for your situation.

3. Collect the Necessary Documents

Get ready your passport, filled out application form (EX-15), passport copy, and documentation (e.g., contract for property, employment offer) supporting your NIE application.

4. Make an Appointment

Use the official website to make an appointment at a Spanish police station or consulate.

5. Application Submission

Please bring all necessary documentation to your appointment. Apply physically at a Spanish consulate or police station.

6. Pay the Fee 

Using form 790, which you’ll obtain during your appointment, pay the NIE application fee at a bank.

7. Get your Spanish NIE number 

Once processed, which can take a few weeks, go back to Spain to pick up your NIE number.

Documents Needed to Get a NIE Number in Spain

• • Completed Application Form (EX-15): Download the form online and fill it out accurately with all the required information.

• • Valid Passport: Present your original passport along with a photocopy of the biographical data page. (EU citizens can use their national identity card instead)

• • Proof of Payment: You’ll need to pay a government fee for the NIE application. Keep the receipt or proof of payment for your records.

Additional Documents (Depending on Your Situation):

• Proof of Address in Spain: This could be a utility bill, rental agreement, or property ownership documentation.
• Documentation Justifying the Need for NIE: This varies based on your reason for obtaining a NIE. Examples include:
  • • Employment Contract (if applying for work)
  • • Property Purchase Agreement (if buying property)
  • • Proof of Investment (if investing in Spain)
  • • Letter from a Lawyer explaining the reason (for other purposes)

• For Minors or Incapacitated Applicants: Provide a copy of the family record book, birth certificate, or guardianship documents, along with the valid ID of the parent/guardian.

• For Applications Through a Representative: Include the original and a copy of the representative’s ID and a power of attorney authorizing them to act on your behalf.

Purpose of a NIE number in Spain

The NIE number serves as a vital key for foreigners interacting with the Spanish system for various purposes.

Here’s a breakdown of its key functionalities:

• Tax Identification: The NIE acts as your official tax identification number in Spain. It’s essential for filing tax returns, opening a bank account, or making any financial transactions that involve taxes.
• Administrative Tasks: Many day-to-day interactions with Spanish authorities require an NIE. This includes tasks like registering with social security, obtaining a driver’s license, applying for utilities, or signing a rental agreement.
• Property Ownership: If you plan to buy a property or any assets in Spain, a NIE number is mandatory. It allows the registration of ownership under your name and facilitates any future transactions.
• Business and Work: Whether you’re starting a business, seeking employment, or working freelance in Spain, a NIE is crucial. It enables you to register your business, comply with tax regulations, and get employed legally.
• Financial Activities: Investing in the Spanish stock market or managing any financial holdings within the country necessitates an NIE number. It ensures proper identification and adherence to financial regulations.

Common Challenges and Solutions When Obtaining an NIE Number in Spain

1. Language Barrier: Spanish is used for a lot of forms and procedures. Solution: Bring a translator or ask a Spanish-speaking legal advisor for assistance.
2. Appointment Delays: Due to strong demand, it can be difficult to get an appointment at police stations or consulates. Solution: Make reservations well in advance and, if there are other options, take into account alternate sites.
3. Inadequate Documentation: Erroneous or missing paperwork may cause delays. Solution: Verify all of the necessary paperwork, including the passport, application form, and supporting documentation, twice.
4. Problems with Payment: It can be confusing to pay the application fee at some banks. The right payment form (form 790) should be obtained during your appointment, and you should carefully follow the bank’s instructions after that.
5. Extended Processing Periods: The processing process may require multiple weeks. Solution: To prevent delays in your plans, prepare ahead and apply as soon as you can.

NIE Number vs. Residency Permit: Key Differences for Expats in Spain

Goal:

• NIE Number: A foreigner’s tax identification number is needed in Spain for both financial and legal transactions.
• Residency Permit: The legal right to reside in Spain for an extended period of time is granted by a residency permit.

Conditions:

• NIE Number: Required for both residents and non-residents to do certain transactions, like setting up a bank account or purchasing real estate.
• Residency Permit: If an individual intends to remain in Spain for more than ninety days, they must obtain a residency permit.

Validity

• NIE Number: Never expires, no matter where you live.
• Residency Permit: The type of residency permit (permanent or temporary) must be renewed on a regular basis.

Application Procedure:

• NIE Number: Applying for an NIE number on its own or in conjunction with a residency permit is possible.
• Residency Permit: Proof of address, proof of income, and proof of health insurance are among the requirements for obtaining a residency permit.

Conclusion

The NIE number in Spain is an essential identification tool for foreigners, whether they plan to live, work, or conduct business in the country. It acts as a gateway to various legal, financial, and administrative activities, from opening a bank account to purchasing property or paying taxes. Understanding the types of NIE numbers and their specific requirements can simplify the process and avoid potential delays. While obtaining an NIE number can involve some challenges, such as language barriers and appointment delays, being well-prepared and informed can make the process smoother. Ultimately, the NIE number is a crucial element for anyone engaging in long-term activities in Spain, ensuring legal compliance and facilitating everyday transactions.