Set Up a Subsidiary Company in the Netherlands: Process, Requirements & Benefits

A subsidiary company in the Netherlands allows foreign businesses to establish a separate legal entity and expand into the European market. With its strategic location, open economy, and well-developed business environment, the Netherlands offers an attractive base for international operations.

In this article, we will delve into the process of setting up a subsidiary in the Netherlands, discuss its benefits, outline the requirements, and cover other crucial aspects like taxation, legal structures, and required documents. We will also answer the most frequently asked questions about forming subsidiaries in the Netherlands.

How to Establish a Subsidiary Company in the Netherlands

The process of setting up a subsidiary in the Netherlands is relatively straightforward, thanks to the Dutch government’s pro-business policies and efficient administrative systems. A subsidiary is a separate legal entity, distinct from the parent company. This ensures that the parent company is protected from potential liabilities associated with the subsidiary.

Here is a step-by-step guide on how to set up a Dutch subsidiary:

1. Choose the Legal Structure: Decide on the legal form of your subsidiary. The most common forms are the BV (Besloten Vennootschap), a private limited liability company, and NV (Naamloze Vennootschap), a public limited liability company.
2. Register with the Dutch Trade Register: Every subsidiary must be registered with the Dutch Chamber of Commerce (Kamer van Koophandel or KvK). The company is also registered with the Dutch Tax Administration where applicable. VAT registration depends on the subsidiary’s activities and applicable tax rules.
3. Open a Dutch Bank Account: A Dutch BV or NV must have a business bank account. Opening a Dutch bank account is generally part of setting up the company’s financial operations, but the exact banking requirements depend on the legal structure and circumstances.
4. Draft the Articles of Association: The articles of association outline the purpose of the subsidiary, its governance structure, and shareholder details. This document must be notarized by a Dutch civil-law notary.
5. Appoint Directors: The company must appoint at least one director (or more) who will manage the day-to-day activities of the subsidiary. There are no residency requirements for directors in the Netherlands.
6. Capital Requirements: For a BV, the minimum required capital is €0.01, but practical considerations often require more. For an NV, the minimum capital requirement is €45,000.
7. Register for Social Security: If your subsidiary plans to employ staff, it must be registered with the Dutch Tax and Customs Administration to pay payroll taxes and social security contributions.

Benefits of Establishing a Dutch Subsidiary for International Businesses

Setting up a subsidiary in the Netherlands offers numerous advantages for companies, particularly those aiming to penetrate the European market.

• Access to the EU Single Market: With its central location, the Netherlands offers access to the broader European market, with 27 EU countries and over 500 million consumers.
• Stable and Developed Economy: The Netherlands has a strong economy with a stable political environment, making it an attractive destination for foreign investors.
• Business-Friendly Environment: The country is known for its transparent regulatory environment, well-functioning infrastructure, and favorable tax conditions for businesses.
• Skilled Workforce: The Netherlands boasts a highly educated, multilingual workforce, with a focus on sectors like technology, finance, and logistics.
• Favorable Tax System: The Dutch tax regime, which includes low corporate tax rates, extensive tax treaties, and exemptions, is highly favorable for businesses. The 30% tax ruling also provides significant tax benefits for expatriates.
• Innovative Ecosystem: The Netherlands is known for its innovation-driven economy, with access to advanced technologies, research facilities, and a robust startup ecosystem.

Requirements for a Subsidiary Company in the Netherlands

When forming a subsidiary in the Netherlands, there are several essential requirements to meet:

1. Registered Office Address: The subsidiary must have a registered office in the Netherlands. This can be a physical or virtual office, but the company’s official address must be in the country.
2. Directors and Shareholders: At least one director must be appointed. There is generally no nationality-based restriction on directors or shareholders, although identity verification and other registration requirements apply. Shareholders can be individuals or corporate entities. A Dutch-resident representative is not a universal requirement for every subsidiary.
3. Bank Account: The subsidiary needs a Dutch bank account for business operations.
4. Tax Identification Number (TIN): To operate legally, the subsidiary must obtain a TIN from the Dutch tax authorities. This will also enable VAT registration if applicable.
5. Compliance with Dutch Labor Laws: If the subsidiary hires employees, it must comply with Dutch labor regulations, including offering employment contracts, providing social security contributions, and adhering to worker protection laws.

Legal Structures for a Dutch Subsidiary

The two most common legal forms for subsidiaries in the Netherlands are:

1. BV (Besloten Vennootschap):
   • A private limited company.
   • Popular for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).
   • Requires a minimum capital of €0.01.
   • Limited liability for shareholders.
2. NV (Naamloze Vennootschap):
   • A public limited company.
   • Used primarily by large corporations.
   • Requires a minimum capital of €45,000.
   • Shares can be publicly traded.

Documents Required to Establish a Dutch Subsidiary

When registering a subsidiary in the Netherlands, the following documents are typically required:

• Articles of Association: This document outlines the purpose of the subsidiary, its governance, and structure. It must be notarized by a Dutch notary.
• Parent Company’s Information: Documentation detailing the parent company’s structure, ownership, and legal status is necessary. This may include the certificate of incorporation, articles of association, and registration documents from the parent company’s home country.
• Identification of Directors: The Dutch authorities will require copies of the identification documents of the directors and shareholders of the subsidiary.
• Proof of Office Address: A formal document proving the subsidiary’s registered office in the Netherlands is required.
• Bank Account Proof: The subsidiary must provide evidence of a local Dutch bank account.
• Notarial Deed of Incorporation: A Dutch civil-law notary must draft and sign this deed, which confirms the formation of the subsidiary.

Tax and VAT Compliance for Dutch Subsidiaries: What Foreign Businesses Need to Know

The Dutch taxation system offers several advantages to foreign businesses, making it an attractive destination for setting up a subsidiary. Key tax considerations include:

1. Corporate Income Tax (CIT): Dutch subsidiaries are generally subject to corporate income tax on taxable profits. In 2026, the rate is 19% on taxable profits up to €200,000 and 25.8% on the portion exceeding €200,000.
2. Value-Added Tax (VAT): The standard Dutch VAT rate is 21%, while a reduced rate of 9% applies to eligible goods and services. A subsidiary must register for VAT when required by its business activities and applicable rules.
3. Withholding Taxes: Dividend distributions are generally subject to a 15% withholding tax. However, tax treaties and EU directives can lower this rate.
4. 30% Ruling: Eligible employees recruited from abroad may qualify for the Dutch expat tax facility, subject to the applicable conditions and limits. It is not an automatic benefit for every foreign employee.
5. Tax Treaties: The Netherlands has an extensive network of tax treaties with over 90 countries, reducing the risk of double taxation and providing tax relief on cross-border transactions.
6. VAT Compliance and Filing: Dutch subsidiaries may need to submit periodic VAT returns, pay VAT due, and maintain records of their business transactions. The filing frequency depends on the company’s circumstances and instructions from the Dutch Tax Administration. Businesses involved in cross-border EU transactions may also have additional VAT reporting obligations.

Read More: How to Purchase a Shelf Company in the Netherlands?

Conclusion

Setting up a subsidiary in the Netherlands is a strategic move for companies aiming to grow in Europe. With its business-friendly environment, skilled workforce, and advantageous tax system, the Netherlands is a hub for innovation and international commerce.

For businesses seeking to expand globally, OnDemand International offers comprehensive support for setting up subsidiaries, ensuring compliance with Dutch regulations, and navigating the complex process of international expansion. Contact us today to start your business journey in the Netherlands.

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