Set Up a Logistics Business in Spain: Steps & Major Logistic Hubs

Have you ever dreamed of running a thriving logistics business in one of Europe’s most strategically positioned countries? Spain, with its seamless connectivity to Europe, Africa, and Latin America, offers unparalleled opportunities for foreign entrepreneurs. Its robust infrastructure and growing logistics sector make it the ideal location for your next big endeavour. Whether you’re a seasoned investor or a new business owner who wants to set up a logistics business in Spain, Spain’s logistics market holds the key to unlocking untapped potential in global trade.

Spain, a key player in the European logistics sector, offers exceptional opportunities for foreign entrepreneurs looking to establish a logistics business. Its strategic location as a gateway to Europe, Africa, and Latin America, coupled with a robust infrastructure, makes it a top choice for logistics enterprises. 

In this article, we delve into the importance of logistics in Spain’s economy, the business registration process, documents required, ideal business entities, and major logistics hubs to help you navigate this promising sector.

Importance of Logistics in Spain’s Economy

The logistics sector is a cornerstone of Spain’s economy, contributing approximately 8% to its GDP. As of 2023, Spain’s logistics market was valued at over $67.7 billion, with steady growth projected due to increasing e-commerce activity and international trade. The country’s extensive transportation network, including 46 ports, 50 airports, and over 16,000 km of highways, supports seamless domestic and international connectivity.

Spain’s geographical location positions it as a critical link between Europe, Africa, and Latin America. Major trade routes, such as the Mediterranean Corridor, amplify its logistical importance. By setting up a logistics company in Spain, entrepreneurs can tap into a thriving market driven by innovation and global trade dynamics.

How to set up a logistics business in Spain?

A crucial first step in starting a logistics company in Spain is being aware of the business registration procedure. Spain provides a methodical company formation process that guarantees adherence to regional laws and regulations.

Here’s a detailed guide:

Step 1: Acquire the NIE (Foreigner Identification Number):

Foreign entrepreneurs are required to acquire a NIE number, which acts as an identification number for all legal and financial activities in Spain. 

This can be obtained through Spanish consulates abroad or local police stations in Spain. It’s essential for opening a bank account, signing contracts, and registering your firm.

Step 2: Pick the Best Business Structure: 

Decide on a company structure in Spain that works for your logistics needs.

The most common structures are:

• Sole Proprietorship (Autónomo): Simple and for small-scale operations.
• Limited Liability Company (SL): Preferred for liability protection and scalability.

Step 3: Choose a Unique Business Name:

Reserve a unique company name through the Mercantile Registry (Registro Mercantil) to ensure no other business operates under the same name.

Step 4: Create a Corporate Bank Account: 

Deposit the necessary share capital into a bank account that is opened in the company’s name. For a Limited Liability Company (SL), the minimum capital is €3,000.

Step 5: Draft the Articles of Association:

Draft the Articles of Association, detailing the company’s structure, purpose, and governance rules. These documents have to be notarized by a Spanish notary.

Step 6: Register with the Mercantile Registry:

Officially register your company with the Registro Mercantil to obtain a CIF (Código de Identificación Fiscal), a Tax Identification Code.

Documents Needed to Register a Logistics Company in Spain

The documentation process is straightforward but requires meticulous preparation.

Key documents include:

• Valid Passport and NIE for all shareholders and directors.
• Certificate of Business Name Reservation issued by the Mercantile Registry.
• Proof of share capital deposit.
• Articles of Association 
• Tax Identification Code (CIF)
• Business Licenses and Permits depend on logistics activities like freight forwarding or warehousing.

Best Types of Business Entities for Logistics Business in Spain

Choosing the right business structure is critical for operational efficiency and compliance.

The most suitable entities for a logistics business in Spain include:

Sociedad Limitada (SL) – Limited Liability Company:

A limited liability company in Spain is one of the most widely used businesses in Spain as it offers limited liability, ease of setup, and has a minimum capital requirement of €3,000. It is ideal for small to medium-sized logistics businesses because of its flexibility and tax benefits.

Sociedad Anónima (SA) – Public Limited Company:

A Sociedad Anónima is ideal for large-scale operations requiring a capital of €60,000. If offers the ability to raise capital through public investment, making it ideal for larger logistics firms.

Branch Office:

A branch office is a practical option for foreign companies seeking to expand operations into Spain without creating a separate legal entity. It operates under the parent company’s name, ensuring streamlined management.

Subsidiary Company:

A subsidiary company in Spain is a fully independent entity established by a foreign company. It provides greater operational flexibility and limited liability while enjoying the benefits of local incorporation.

Representative Office:

A representative office in Spain is primarily used for market research or promotional activities without engaging in direct business operations. It is ideal for companies to test the market before full-scale entry.