How to Register an Import-Export Business in France?: Steps & Document

France, the heart of Europe, boasts a thriving economy and robust trade relationships with global markets. It is a popular destination for entrepreneurs wishing to enter the import-export industry because of its advantageous business climate, first-rate infrastructure, and strategic position.

Whether you are a budding entrepreneur or an established business owner seeking expansion, registering an import-export business in France can open doors to boundless opportunities.

This guide will walk you through the process, legal requirements, and best practices to establish a successful import-export business in France.

Why Register an Import-Export Business in France?

• Strategic Location in Europe: Due to its strategic location at the intersection of Europe, France has easy access to markets inside the EU as well as to other countries. With over 27 member countries in the EU, your business gains a vast trading network.
• Strong Economy: As the world’s seventh-largest economy, France recorded a total trade value of over $1.2 trillion in 2023, with exports contributing significantly to its GDP. Key trading partners include Germany, the United States, and China.
• Government Support: France’s business-friendly policies encourage foreign investments, offering incentives for trade activities and support through organizations like Business France.
• Diverse Market Opportunities: From luxury goods to agricultural products, France’s exports include a wide array of goods. Similarly, it imports essential raw materials and innovative technologies, creating diverse opportunities for entrepreneurs.
• Access to Trade Agreements: As an EU member, France benefits from numerous free trade agreements, reducing tariffs and simplifying international trade.

Steps to Open an Import-Export Business in France

Starting an import-export business in France requires a structured approach.

Here’s a step-by-step guide:

Step 1: Select a Business Structure:

Choose the legal structure for your import-export company in France. Options include a Sole Proprietorship, SARL (Limited Liability Company), or SAS (Simplified Joint Stock Company). More details on these structures are covered later in this guide.

Step 2: Register Your Business:

• File your company with the Centre de Formalités des Entreprises (CFE), which manages business registrations.
• Obtain a SIRET number (unique business identifier).

Step 3: Apply for an EORI Number:

• An Economic Operator Registration and Identification (EORI) number is necessary for customs declarations in the EU.
• Apply online through the French Customs Authority.

Step 4: Set up a Corporate Bank Account:

Set up a dedicated business account to handle financial transactions.

Documents Needed to Register an Import-Export Business in France

To register your business, gather the following documents:

• Identification Documents: Passport or national ID of the business owner(s).
• Business Plan: A thorough business plan that includes financial estimates, market research, and your company’s objectives.
• Articles of Association: The articles of association is a document that defines the structure and purpose of your business.
• Proof of Address: Evidence of a registered office in France.
• EORI Number Application: Completed application form for customs registration.
• Certificate of share capital deposit: Initial capital deposit certificate from your bank.

Best Legal Structures for an Import-Export Company in France

Choosing the right legal structure for your business in France is crucial since it establishes your liability, tax responsibilities, and administrative needs. 

Here are the most common options:

1. Sole Proprietorship (Entrepreneur Individuel):

• Advantages: Simple to set up and manage, with minimal administrative overhead.
• Disadvantages: Unlimited personal liability, meaning your personal assets could be at risk.
• Ideal For: Solo entrepreneurs or small-scale operations.

2. SARL (Société à Responsabilité Limitée):

• Advantages: A limited liability company or SARL in France offers limited liability protection, separating personal and business assets. It is also a cost-effective option for small and medium-sized enterprises.
• Disadvantages: Slightly more complex to set up, requiring a minimum of one director and shareholder.
• Ideal For: Entrepreneurs looking for a balance between protection and simplicity.

3. SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée):

• Advantages: A simplified joint stock company or SAS in France provides flexibility in management and shareholding. There is no cap on the number of shareholders, making it ideal for partnerships and larger ventures.
• Disadvantages: Higher setup costs and more extensive reporting requirements.
• Ideal For: Businesses planning significant growth or seeking investors.

4. Branch Office:

• Advantages: Permits international businesses to establish a presence in France without forming a distinct legal organisation.
• Disadvantages: The parent company remains liable for the branch’s operations.
• Ideal For: Established companies expanding into the French market.

5. Representative Office:

• Advantages: A cost-effective way to conduct market research or build local connections. It is not involved in commercial transactions.
• Disadvantages: Limited to non-commercial activities.

Selecting the right corporate form is based on numerous factors including your company’s goals, scale, and long-term vision.

Looking to expand your business in France? Get in touch with our company formation experts today.